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Bibliography

Cases

  • Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242 (1986).
  • Biden v. Nebraska, 600 U.S. 477 (2023).
  • Board of Educ. of Indep. Sch. Dist. No. 92 v. Earls, 536 U.S. 822 (2002). Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444 (1969).
  • Dennis v. United States, 341 U.S. 494 (1951).
  • District of Columbia v. Heller, 554 U.S. 570 (2008).
  • Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Org., 597 U.S. 215 (2022). Drake v. Filko, 724 F.3d 426 (3d Cir. 2013).
  • Flores v. N.J. State Parole Bd., (N.J. 2016). Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335 (1963).
  • Kennedy v. Bremerton Sch. Dist., 597 U.S. 507 (2022).
  • McDonald v. City of Chicago, 561 U.S. 742 (2010).
  • Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966).
  • New Jersey v. T.L.O., 469 U.S. 325 (1985).
  • New York State Rifle & Pistol Ass’n v. Bruen, 597 U.S. 1 (2022). Padilla v. Kentucky, 559 U.S. 356 (2010).
  • Patterson v. Colorado, 205 U.S. 454 (1905).
  • People v. Concha, 218 P.3d 660 (Cal. 2009).
  • Portee v. Jaffee, 417 A.2d 521 (N.J. 1980).
  • Schenck v. United States, 249 U.S. 47 (1919). State v. Gardner, (N.J. Super. Ct. 2024).
  • State v. Romero-Castillo, (N.J. Super. Ct. 2014). United States v. Rahimi, 602 U.S. 680 (2024).
  • Vernonia Sch. Dist. 47J v. Acton, 515 U.S. 646 (1995).

Statutes & Constitutional Provisions

  • Espionage Act of 1917, ch. 30, § 3, 40 Stat. 217.
  • U.S. Const. amend. II.
  • N.J. Stat. Ann. § 2C:13-8 (2024).

Secondary Sources

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  • Finch McCranie, LLP, The Difference Between Civil and Criminal Wrongful Death Cases (May 16, 2025).
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  • GovFacts, Civil Liability vs. Criminal Liability (May 22, 2025).
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  • Jackson, M. P., Controversial New Court Opens in Jackson, Marshall Project (Feb. 6, 2025). Legal Dictionary, Criminal Law (2014).
  • Legal Dictionary, Tort Law (2019).
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  • Legal Information Institute, Probable Cause.
  • Musto, J. L., The Afterlife of Decriminalisation, 16 Ethics & Soc. Welfare 169 (2022).
  • New York Civil Liberties Union, Stop-and-Frisk Data (Dec. 2, 2024).
  • Norris, J. J., Why Dylann Roof Is a Terrorist, 54 Harv. J. on Legis. 502 (2017).
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  • Shah, S., Whose Claim Is It?, 33 S. Cal. Interdisc. L.J. 571 (2024). Soufan Center, IntelBrief (Sept. 9, 2025).
  • United Nations, What Is Hate Speech?
  • U.S. Department of Justice, Using a Trauma-Informed Approach in Human Trafficking Prosecutions.
  • U.S. Census Bureau, QuickFacts: Chicago, Illinois.
  • U.S. Census Bureau, QuickFacts: New York City, New York.
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  • Wesley, J. M., et al., Urban Segregation in the Deep South, 12 Race, Gender & Class 11 (2005).